中共高官齐聚北京，参加中央经济工作会议。会议确定，明年重点任务之一，包括尽快解决一批“卡脖子”问题。分析认为，面对美国的强力制裁，以中共自身的能力，要想在技术层面解决卡脖子问题，短期内难以实现。

发表： 2020-12-20 09:17:20 | 更新： 2021-03-07 09:30:52

中央经济工作会议12月16日至18日在北京举行。参加会议的包括习近平、李克强等中共七名政治局常委，以及各省市主要负责人。

党媒报导，习近平在会上发表讲话，总结2020年经济工作，分析当前经济形势，部署2021年经济工作；而李克强在讲话中对明年经济工作进行具体部署，提出明年八项重点任务。

头两项重点任务是“强化国家战略科技力量”及“增强产业链供应链自主可控能力”，制定实施“基础研究10年行动方案”。

这两项任务中还包括，实施好关键核心技术攻关工程，尽快解决一批“卡脖子（关键技术遭他国控制）问题”。

中央社18日分析说，由于中共目前面临美国采取的科技封锁及制裁措施，诸如芯片等核心技术产品断供，对中国科技、通讯及航空产业造成冲击。这两项任务被列为明年头两项，代表中共亟欲摆脱美国科技封锁，发展自主科技链的意图。

评论人士钟原说，中共要求“尽快解决一批‘卡脖子’问题”。这实际仍是科技落后的表现，中国一直是替人打工的世界工厂，如今才知道被“卡脖子”吗？

文章说，中共一直宣传的世界第二大经济体，原来都是虚的，虽然偷窃了不少技术，但很多核心技术还没有摸到边，就急于搞所谓的2025计划，还准备垄断世界市场，如今成了天方夜谭。

“卡脖子”问题达35项

据科技日报报导，中科院大学副院长、教授刘云，11月30日在“2020年中国联通科技创新大会”上发表演讲，他说，中国有35项关键技术被“卡脖子”。

他表示，虽然中国研发投入总量世界第二，但研发强度与创新型强国之间，有较大差距，特别是基础研究投入比例更低；科研人员总量世界第一，但高端人才缺乏；科技创新能力有很大提升，但原始创新能力不足，关键核心技术受制于人、“卡脖子” 问题突出。

他列举了中共被“卡脖子”的35项关键技术，比如光刻机，芯片，操作系统，手机射频器件，激光雷达，核心工业软件，核心算法等等。

习近平砸万亿造芯 变烂尾工程 

为解决芯片慌和科技卡脖子问题。习近平为此砸万亿资金力推芯片产业。

彭博社9月份引述知情人士的话说：中共准备制定一套新政策，预定在2025年之前投入9.5万亿人民币，以强化对包括无线网路、AI（人工智慧）在内的技术研发，应对美国政府的限制。

《中国经济周刊》报导说，截至10月底，大陆共有27万余家半导体相关企业，经营范围含“集成电路、芯片、半导体”。

据天眼查专业版数据显示，1月1日至10月27日，全国新增集成电路相关企业超过5.8万家，增速高达33%以上。其中，第三季度新增近1.9万家，相当于每天新增逾200家。

在芯片企业暴增的同时，很多芯片项目相继烂尾。其中最大的集成电路企业——紫光集团，近年来累计耗资177.3亿元。今年上半年净利润亏损33.8亿元，负债上千亿。

大陆德科码半导体、坤同半导体、武汉弘芯、成都格芯等半导体项目，均投资数百亿甚至上千亿，占用成百上千亩土地，目前都已停滞或者倒闭破产。

华为公司创始人任正非接受中共党媒采访时曾说，芯片光砸钱不行，得砸数学家、物理学家、化学家……。

半导体领域 中共砸血本收效甚微

新财富2018年曾说，中国在半导体领域早就砸下了血本资金，规模数以万亿计。中国进口半导体支出超过了石油进口支出。但中国与美国芯片有30年的差距，就算短时间内有大量资本注入，也不能改变半导体基础产业弱势的现状。

报导说，中国研究与试验发展经费，2017年投入达1.75万亿元，居世界第二，仅次于美国。但是砸下巨额科研费用之后，技术创新却收效甚微。

那么每年万亿的科研经费都花到哪去了呢？文章说：1．用于出国开会，出差游玩。2．买不完的设备。3．包装概念攒项目，套取课题经费。

熟悉半导体行业的中国业内人士香先生说，以中国自身的能力，投入再多钱，也无法研制出高端芯片，因为中国的基础材料学很落后，十几年都是靠进口材料再组装，算不上科技技术。

业内专家普遍认为，西方对中共采取的科技限制，将在今后10年中使中国经济增长每年减少半个百分点。

The Communist Party of China's economic work conference determined that one of the key tasks for next year will be to solve a number of "neck" problems as soon as possible. A schematic view (Andrea Verdelli/Getty Images)   

A few days ago, senior officials of the Chinese Communist Party gathered in Beijing for the Central Economic Work Conference. The meeting identified one of the key tasks for next year, including solving a number of "neck" problems as soon as possible. Analysis suggests that in the face of strong U.S. sanctions, it will be difficult for the CCP to solve the neck problems at the technical level in the short term, given its own capabilities.

The Central Economic Work Conference was held in Beijing from Dec. 16 to 18. The meeting was attended by seven members of the Standing Committee of the CPC Political Bureau, including Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang, as well as the major heads of provinces and cities.

Party media reported that Xi Jinping delivered a speech at the meeting, summarizing the economic work in 2020, analyzing the current economic situation and deploying economic work in 2021, while Li Keqiang made specific plans for next year's economic work in his speech, proposing eight key tasks for next year.

The first two key tasks are to "strengthen the national strategic science and technology forces" and "enhance the supply chain of the industry's independent and controllable capabilities", and the development and implementation of the "10-year action plan for basic research".

These two tasks also include the implementation of key core technology research projects, as soon as possible to solve a number of "neck (key technologies controlled by other countries) problem".

The Central News Agency 18 analysis said, because the Chinese Communist Party is currently facing the United States to take the science and technology blockade and sanctions, such as chips and other core technology products cut off the supply, the impact on China's technology, communications and aviation industry. These two tasks are listed as the first two next year, representing the Chinese Communist Party's urgent intention to get rid of the U.S. technology blockade and develop its own technology chain.

Commentator Zhong Yuan said that the Chinese Communist Party has called for "solving a number of 'stuck-neck' problems as soon as possible. China has always been the world's factory working for others, but now it only knows that it is being "necked"?

The article says that the world's second largest economy, which the Chinese Communist Party has been promoting, turned out to be false. Although it has stolen a lot of technology, but many core technologies have not yet touched the edge, it is eager to engage in the so-called 2025 plan, and is ready to monopolize the world market, which is now a pipe dream.

The "neck" problem reaches 35 items

According to Science and Technology Daily, Liu Yun, a professor and vice president of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, gave a speech at the "2020 China Unicom Science and Technology Innovation Conference" on Nov. 30, saying that 35 key technologies in China are "stuck in the neck".

He said that although China's total investment in R&D is the second highest in the world, there is a big gap between the intensity of R&D and innovative countries, especially the proportion of investment in basic research is even lower; the total number of scientific researchers is the highest in the world, but there is a lack of high-end talents; the capacity of scientific and technological innovation has been greatly improved, but the ability of original innovation is insufficient, and the key core technologies are restricted by others and the problem of "stuck neck" is prominent.

He listed 35 key technologies that are "stuck" in the Chinese Communist Party, such as lithography, chips, operating systems, cell phone RF devices, LIDAR, core industrial software, core algorithms, etc.

Xi Jinping's trillion dollar project to build a core has turned into a bad project

To solve the problem of chip panic and technology neck. Xi Jinping for this reason trillions of dollars to push the chip industry.

In September, Bloomberg quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that the Chinese Communist Party was preparing a new policy to spend 9.5 trillion yuan by 2025 to strengthen R&D on technologies including wireless networks and AI (artificial intelligence) in response to the U.S. government's restrictions.

China Economic Weekly reported that as of the end of October, there were more than 270,000 semiconductor-related companies on the mainland, with business scope including "integrated circuits, chips and semiconductors".

According to the professional version of the data, January 1 to October 27, the country added more than 58,000 IC-related enterprises, the growth rate of more than 33%. Among them, the third quarter added nearly 19,000, equivalent to more than 200 new companies every day.

At the same time as the surge in chip companies, many chip projects have been rotten. One of the largest integrated circuit companies - Ziguang Group, the cumulative cost of 17.73 billion yuan in recent years. The first half of this year, a net profit loss of 3.38 billion yuan, hundreds of billions of dollars in debt.

Mainland Dekor code semiconductor, Kun with the semiconductor, Wuhan Hongxin, Chengdu G core and other semiconductor projects, are invested tens of billions or even hundreds of billions, occupying hundreds of acres of land, are now stalled or closed down bankruptcy.

Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei said in an interview with the Chinese Communist Party media, chip light smashing money can not be, have to smash the mathematicians, physicists, chemists .......

Semiconductor field CCP smashing blood money to little effect

New Fortune 2018 has said that China has long smashed blood money in the field of semiconductors, trillions of dollars in size. China's spending on imported semiconductors exceeds its spending on oil imports. But China has a 30-year gap with the U.S. chip, and even a large injection of capital in a short period of time will not change the weakness of the basic semiconductor industry.

The report said that China's research and experimental development spending, which amounted to 1.75 trillion yuan in 2017, ranked second in the world, second only to the United States. But after smashing down huge research expenses, technological innovation has yielded little results.

So where do the trillions of dollars spent on research each year go? The article says: 1. for meetings abroad, business trips, 2. to buy endless equipment, 3. packaging concepts to save the project, to take the project funds.

Mr. Xiang, a Chinese industry insider familiar with the semiconductor industry, said that China's own ability to invest more money, but also unable to develop high-end chips, because China's basic materials science is very backward, more than a decade are relying on imported materials and then assembled, is not considered a technology technology.

Industry experts generally believe that the technology restrictions adopted by the West on the Chinese Communist Party will reduce China's economic growth by half a percentage point per year over the next 10 years.

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