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【中国观察2022年2月18日讯】
"特鲁多总理援引从未使用过的《联邦紧急状态法》来解决目前的情况，开创了一个危险的先例。紧急情况法》中宣布公共秩序紧急情况的高门槛并没有达到。援引该法是为了解决未能使用《刑法》规定的现有法律工具的问题，这些工具曾在大使桥上得到有效使用。联邦政府援引《紧急状态法》是出于政治上的便利。这是不合法的，违反了法治，这就是我们在法庭上挑战政府的原因，"CCF诉讼主任Christine Van Geyn说。
《紧急状态法》的颁布是为了取代信誉不佳的《战争措施法》，该法在第二次世界大战期间被用来关押日裔加拿大人和意大利裔加拿大人，以及在魁北克的FLQ危机期间被用来关押。该法起草得很谨慎，范围很窄，以确保联邦政府再也不能滥用紧急权力。该法将国家紧急情况定义为 "具有临时性质的紧急和危急情况，(a)严重危及加拿大人的生命、健康或安全，其规模或性质超过了一个省的处理能力或权力，或者(b)严重威胁到加拿大政府维护加拿大主权、安全和领土完整的能力"。它还要求联邦政府证明，这种情况无法根据加拿大的任何其他法律有效地处理。
"紧急立法不应正常化。使用《紧急状态法》的门槛非常高，而且没有达到。援引《紧急状态法》的决定是史无前例的，而法院从未使用或解释过该法。如果议会授权宣布公共秩序紧急状态，法院将成为法治的最后一道防线"，范吉恩继续说道。"这不是关于车队与城市的问题。这是关于法治的问题"。
CCF的代表律师是苏吉特-乔德里（Sujit Choudhry）和贾纳尼-尚穆加纳坦（Janani Shanmuganathan）。
CCF announces legal challenge to Trudeau’s invocation of federal Emergencies Act
TORONTO: The Canadian Constitution Foundation (CCF) has announced it is launching a legal challenge to the federal government’s invocation of the Emergencies Act. The challenge will be by way of urgent application for judicial review at the Federal Court.
“Prime Minister Trudeau has set a dangerous precedent by invoking the never before used federal Emergencies Act to address the current situation. The high threshold for declaring a public order emergency in the Emergencies Act has not been met. The Act has been invoked to address a failure to use existing legal tools under the Criminal Code, which were used effectively on the Ambassador Bridge. The federal government has invoked the Emergencies Act as a matter of political convenience. This is illegal and violates the rule of law, and that’s why we are challenging the government in court,” said CCF Litigation Director, Christine Van Geyn.
The Emergencies Act was enacted to replace the discredited War Measures Act, which was used during the Second World War to intern Japanese Canadians and Italian Canadians, and during the FLQ Crisis in Quebec. The Act is drafted carefully and narrowly, to ensure the federal government cannot abuse emergency powers ever again. The Act defines a national emergency as “an urgent and critical situation of a temporary nature that (a) seriously endangers the lives, health or safety of Canadians and is of such proportions or nature as to exceed the capacity or authority of a province to deal with it, or (b) seriously threatens the ability of the Government of Canada to preserve the sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of Canada”. It also requires that the federal government demonstrate that this situation cannot be effectively dealt with under any other law of Canada.
“Emergency legislation should not be normalized. The threshold for using the Emergencies Act is extremely high and has not been met. The decision to invoke the Emergencies Act, which has never been used or interpreted by the courts, is unprecedented. If Parliament authorizes the proclamation of the public order emergency, the courts will be the last defence for the rule of law”, continued Van Geyn. “This isn’t about the convoy versus the city. This is about the rule of law.”
The CCF is represented by lawyers Sujit Choudhry and Janani Shanmuganathan.
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